According to Erikson's eight psychosocial stages, during what age range do people experience the psychological crisis of autonomy vs. shame?

The psychological crisis of autonomy versus shame occurs during the developmental stage associated with early childhood, specifically between the ages of 1.5 to 3 years. This stage is crucial as it is when toddlers begin to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.

During this period, children are exploring their environment, learning to make choices, and testing their abilities, which fosters a growing sense of autonomy. Successfully navigating this stage can lead to feelings of confidence and the ability to assert oneself; conversely, if children are overly restricted or criticized, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt regarding their capabilities.

This interplay between autonomy and shame is essential for healthy emotional development, as it lays the groundwork for future stages in Erikson's theory where more complex social relationships and identities are formed. Understanding this early stage is crucial for counselors and professionals working with children, as it can inform approaches to support positive self-esteem and development.